ARM tutorial : UART
1. selction of pins for different function.
2. setting PLL .
3.setting baud rate.
4.sending a byte of data.
5. receiving a byte of data.
6. using in interrupt.
7.difference between polled and interrupt mode
any thing u wanna add??
I believe you have made a proper list of topics further .
/* Include header file depending upon device been used */ #include<Philips\LPC2148.h> void Initialize(void); /* Macro Definitions */ #define TEMT (1<<6) #define LINE_FEED 0xA #define CARRIAGE_RET 0xD /************************* MAIN *************************/ int main() { int i; char c[]="Philips LPC"; Initialize() /* Print forever */ while(1) { i=0; /* Keep Transmitting until Null character('\0') is reached */ while(c[i]) { U0THR=c[i]; i++; } U0THR=LINE_FEED; U0THR=CARRAIGE_RET; /* Wait till U0THR and U0TSR are both empty */ while(!(U0LSR & TEMT)){} } } /*************** System Initialization ***************/ void Initialize() { /* Initialize Pin Select Block for Tx and Rx */ PINSEL0=0x5; /* Enable FIFO's and reset them */ U0FCR=0x7; /* Set DLAB and word length set to 8bits */ U0LCR=0x83; /* Baud rate set to 9600 */ U0DLL=0x10; U0DLM=0x0; /* Clear DLAB */ U0LCR=0x3; } /*********************************************************/
[ Edited Sat Dec 29 2007, 12:36 am ]
wow u r really being quick i wud prefer to take a step a time...
moreover it is always better to set PLL than using its default value....
we will certainly try to get ur programme running....
1. selction of pins for different function.
in lpc as u might have noticed one pin can be configured to serve as 4 different funtions ex.
P0.1/RXD0/PWM3/EINT0 it is one single pin..
these functions lets say are fun0 fun1 fun2 fun3.
edited[
P1 in lpc21xx donot have special functions they have just fun0 and fun1.
things to note: we r not considering JTAG yet.. actually PINSEL2 is the PINSEL associated for P1 but
fun1 is related for JTAG debug.. Pins 0 through 15 of port 1 are not available.
]
in all cases fun0 is GPIO
by default (unless the functionality is selected all pins have this fun0).
the functionality can be configured by using PINSEL register (32 bit).
edited
[
thus it wud be clear by now that P1 does not have a PINSEL corresponding to it....
oops!! forgot pinsel2 plz ignore this line :blush
]
in binary the functions can be numbered as 0 00
1 01
2 02
3 03
each pin thus has two pinsel bits corresponding to it..
thus it wud be clear now .. for 32 bit Port 1 2 PINSEL registers wud be required..
they are PINSEL0 & PINSEL1.
now to ajay's code.
void Initialize() { /* Initialize Pin Select Block for Tx and Rx */ PINSEL0=0x5;
writing 0x5 in binary we get.. 0x 01 01
the first two bits determine the function chosen
for P0.0 i.e. fun1 => UART0 TXD0
similarly the next two bits determine
the function chosen
for P0.1 i.e. fun1 => UART0 RXD0
thus ajay has selected his pair of RX/TX
!dance
!dance !dance
[ Edited Sat Dec 29 2007, 02:39 am ]
please go through this page
http://www.siwawi.arubi.uni-kl.de/avr_projects/arm_projects/WinARM_20060117_readme.html
[ Edited Sat Dec 29 2007, 02:43 am ]
it is generally used as USB good link led signal!!
The PLL is used to multiply the external crystal frequency up to the maximum 60 MHz. It
is controlled by the constants M and P.
Within the PLL are two constants which must be programmed in order to determine the clock for the CPU and AHB. This clock is called Cclk. The first constant is a straightforward multiplier of the external crystal. The output frequency of the PLL is given by:
Cclk = M x Osc
In the feedback path of the PLL is a current-controlled oscillator which must operate in the range 156MHz – 320
MHz.. The second constant acts as a programmable divider which ensures that the CCO is kept in specification.
The operating frequency of the CCO is defined as:
Fcco = Cclk x 2 x P
well i had already submitted a design for lpc2138/48 if u find it ... u wud notice the crystall of frequency 14.745 Mhz.
so
- System should run at max. Frequency (60MHz) [limit: max 60 MHz]
- Choose multiplier M=4
so cclk = M * F_OSC= 4 * 14745000Hz = 58980000 Hz
- F_CCO must be inbetween the limits 156 MHz to 320 MHz
datasheet: F_CCO = F_OSC * M * 2 * P
- choose devider P=2 => F_CCO = 14745000Hz * 4 * 2 * 2
= 235920000 ~=236 MHz
now you can choose the multiplier and devider value for PLL depending on your crystall
There are two PLL modules in the LPC2141/2/4/6/8 microcontroller. The PLL0 is used to
generate the CCLK clock (system clock) while the PLL1 has to supply the clock for the
USB at the fixed rate of 48 MHz. Structurally these two PLLs are identical with exception
of the PLL interrupt capabilities reserved only for the PLL0.
so @ ajay...
u should configure the PLL first...
lets see how to do it=>>>
#define FOSC 14745000 /*on board crystall frequency */ #define PLL_M 4 /*Cclk = M x Osc Cclk =60Mhz Osc 14.745 Mhz M~4 */ #define MSEL (PLL_M-1) #define PSEL0 5 /*see user manual PLLCFG*/ #define PSEL1 6 /*see user manual*/ #define PLLE 0 /*see user manual PLLCON*/ #define PLLC 1 /*see user manual PLLCON*/ #define PLOCK 10 /*see user manual PLLSTAT*/ #define PLL_FEED1 0xAA /*constant*/ #define PLL_FEED2 0x55 /*constant*/ void systemPllInit(void) { // --- enable and connect the PLL (Phase Locked Loop) --- // a. set multiplier and divider PLLCFG = MSEL | (1<<PSEL1) | (0<<PSEL0); // b. enable PLL PLLCON = (1<<PLLE); // c. feed sequence PLLFEED = PLL_FEED1; PLLFEED = PLL_FEED2; // d. wait for PLL lock (PLOCK bit is set if locked) while (!(PLLSTAT & (1<<PLOCK))); // e. connect (and enable) PLL PLLCON = (1<<PLLE) | (1<<PLLC); // f. feed sequence PLLFEED = PLL_FEED1; PLLFEED = PLL_FEED2; }
steps to initialise pll
1.
// --- enable and connect the PLL (Phase Locked Loop) ---
// a. set multiplier and divider
PLLCFG = MSEL | (1<<PSEL1) | (0<<PSEL0);
remember MSEL = M -1 cause to remove devide by zero error... the MSEL value is always +1 there will be other instances too... we will discuss as they come across..
2.
// b. enable PLL
PLLCON = (1<<PLLE);
every time you make a change in PLLCON register be sure to follow it up with a feed sequence to affect the changes done... else there wud be no effect and old status will be in effect... :-)
so..
// c. feed sequence
PLLFEED = PLL_FEED1;
PLLFEED = PLL_FEED2;//mandatory
3.
// d. wait for PLL lock (PLOCK bit is set if locked)
while (!(PLLSTAT & (1<<PLOCK)));
4.
// e. connect (and enable) PLL
PLLCON = (1<<PLLE) | (1<<PLLC);
// f. feed sequence
PLLFEED = PLL_FEED1;
PLLFEED = PLL_FEED2;
now your system is ready to work at the desired PLL frequencies... remember PLL settings shud be carefully done... as they help generate the frequencies for almost all on chip devices...
note: dont worry writing this function in your every code.. it will remain same as long as u use the same crystall...
[ Edited Sat Dec 29 2007, 02:31 am ]