How these timer values are derived?

I have a 8051 micro controller ,it has timer0,1,2,3 with different modes.

in timer0,mode0, i got a sample code (as shown below).

from that code

TH0_INIT=0xFC //[email protected]=12MHz, Period = (10.85/2) [email protected]=22.1184MHz TL0_INIT=0x0F

both TH0,TL0 load with hex values..but could not derive these values from equation below .. (https://exploreembedded.com/wiki/5.8051_Timer_programming) Could you please tell me ,how these hex values derive ??

tick = (1/(Fosc/12)

tick = 12/Fosc$$ For Fosc == 11.0592Mhz, the tick time will be

tick = 12/11.0592M = 1.085069444us = 1.085us

Now the Timer value for the required delay can be calculated as below.

Delay = TimerCount * tick

Count = (Delay/tick)

RegValue = TimerMax- Count RegValue = TimerMax-(Delay/tick) = TimerMax - (Delay/1.085us)

RegValue = TimerMax-((Delay/1.085) * 10^6)$$

#include "SFR_Macro.h"
#include "Function_define.h"

#define TH0_INIT 0xFC //[email protected]=12MHz, Period = (10.85/2)
[email protected]=22.1184MHz
#define TL0_INIT 0x0F


void Timer0_ISR (void) interrupt 1 //interrupt address is 0x000B
{
TH0 = TH0_INIT;
TL0 = TL0_INIT;
P12 = ~P12; // GPIO
toggle when interrupt
}



void main (void)
{
TMOD = 0XFF;
Set_All_GPIO_Quasi_Mode;
TIMER0_MODE0_ENABLE;


clr_T0M;
clr_T1M;

TH0 = TH0_INIT;
TL0 = TL0_INIT;


// set_ET0; //enable Timer0 interrupt
//enable Timer1 interrupt
set_EA; //enable interrupts

set_TR0; //Timer0 run


while(1)
{
TH0 = TH0_INIT;
TL0 = TL0_INIT;
set_TR0;
while(!TF0);
clr_TR0;
P12 = ~P12;
TF0 = 0 ;
}
}

For a 12MHz crystal using a normal divided by 12 clock.

For a 5mS delay I get
TH0_INIT=0xEC
TL0_INIT=0x78
What do you get ?

The program you posted uses polling and an interrupt to monitor the timer
and toggle P12, choose one, you can't (at least shouldn't) do both.