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Heart beat is sensed by using a high intensity type LED and LDR. The finger is placed between the LED and LDR. As Sensor a photo diode or a photo transistor can be used. The skin may be illuminated with visible (red) using transmitted or reflected light for detection. The very small changes in reflectivity or in transmittance caused by the varying blood content of human tissue are almost invisible...[more]
8051 Microcontroller Projects 8051 AVR tutorials PIC microcontroller, 8051 assembly language programming electronics and communication ECE CSE pdf ebooks library BE final year project ideas Embedded systems